Below are some parameters that apply to the Bitcoin network today
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Current price for producing one Bitcoin block is around ~150,000$.
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Current price for one Bitcoin is ~45,000$.
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Current reward for producing one Bitcoin block is 6,25 B.
It follows from the above that at this moment miners earn per block (45.000*6.25) – 150.000 ~= 280.000 – 150.000 ~= 130.000$
Therefore, it is profitable for them.
However, next year the reward per block is reduced to 3,125 B.
If the price per bitcoin remains the same (and price per production of blocks), the calculation is as follows: (45.000*3.125) – 150.000 ~= 140.000 – 150.000 ~= -10.000$
As you can see, the miners will be in loss. Even if the price per bitcoin increases a little, the profit is still too small for big players.
Would this situation lead to most of the big miners leaving the network? Maybe then the difficulty would be reduced, which would make it possible for smaller miners to come back again, for whom the profit of a few thousand dollars would be significant. Can the previously described situation and the exit of big players harm the security of the network?
I don’t expect anyone here to give me an accurate, concrete answer, because we can’t know that, we can’t predict the future. But since there are people here who have been in the bitcoin world for a long time and follow the developments, I am interested in what they think, what they expect. I assume that during the development of the network, such situations are also considered and how to overcome them.